The plastic air inlet pipe seems to be affected by heat or by oil mist drawn through the breather system - the effect is that it 'grows' and fails to be a tight fit on the turbo inlet spigot. As others have said this leads to unfiltered and unmetered air being drawn in, with a corresponding reduction in air pasing thorough the MAF sensor. On my van (2.5 TDi AJT) replacing the pipe and O ring with a new one (about ÂŁ18 from dealer) made a noticeable difference to the running of the van - more power, smoother, more responsive etc.
About a year later I had reason to take the pipe off again, and found that the new pipe had also started to expand. I refitted it with a new O ring and a big jubilee clip - no problems since.
Clearly this is a design fault which should have been rectified by VW, but as it's not that obvious to diagnose maybe they just decided to keep quiet about it.